Iyo tuvuga ivy’ubuhinga bw’imiduga bwo mu Budagi, ibintu vya mbere biza mu muzirikanyi ni ubushobozi bwo gutwara imodoka BMW, ubutunzi bwa Mercedes-Benz, n’ubushobozi bwo gukomera kwa Volkswagen. Ariko rero, ni bake bitaho "intwari z'inyuma" zishigikira izo kamere - amawaya y'imodoka. Nimba moteri ari "umutima" w'imodoka, rero intsinga z'imodoka ni "imitsi" n'"imitsi" iri ku mubiri wose. Kandi imirongo y'imiduga y'ubudage (imirongo y'imiduga y'ubudage), n'ubuhinga hafi "buteye ubwoba", yacitse "amahera akomeye" abahinguzi b'imiduga bo kw'isi yose bariko barahiganwa kugira ngo bayakoreshe. Uyu musi, reka duhishure amabanga y’uburyo bwayo.
1.Ibirenze "Gushitsa Ivyagezwe" : Ni gute Ivyagezwe vy'Ubudage bisobanura kamere "Ibirengeye Ivyigwa"?
Mu bijanye n'uguhingura ibintu mu nganda, "ingingo mfatirwako" ni zo akenshi zihambaye. Ariko rero, umurongo w'imiduga w'ubudage ni uguhindura izo nzira zikaba "ibisenge". Ubwo butandukaniro bw’ivyiyumviro burashobora kwerekanwa neza n’ingingo zayo ku bimenyetso nyamukuru.
Fata nk’akarorero ibintu vy’umurongozi. Itegeko mpuzamakungu risaba ko ubusuku bw’umuringa ukoreshwa mu gutera amashanyarazi mu modoka buba 99,9%, mu gihe itegeko ry’Ubudage rivyura ata guca ku ruhande ku 99,95% vy’umuringa w’ubusuku bwinshi-w’umuyagankuba. Ntimukengere iyo 0,05% y’ukwiyongera. Ishobora kwongera ubushobozi bw’urutsinga rwo gutwara umuriro ku rugero rwa 3%, igabanura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’urutsinga ku rugero rwa 5%. Ivyo ntibigabanya gusa ugutakaza inguvu, ariko kandi biragabanya n’ingorane z’umuriro ziterwa n’ugushuha cane. Ikiruta vyose, itegeko ry'Ubudage risaba kandi abarongozi gukoresha uburyo bwo "gufatanya + guhindura kabiri" uburyo bwo guhindura kabiri -. Ivyo bishobora kwongera ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya umurongo ku rugero rwa 40%. Mu bice vy’umubiri w’imodoka bikunda guhungabana, ubuzima bw’imodoka buragwira incuro zirenga zibiri ugereranije n’intsinga zisanzwe.
Igishushanyo c'ivyo bihimba vy'umubiri vyerekana kandi "ivyiyumviro vyiza" vy'ingingo ngenderwako y'Ubudage. Dushingiye ku ntandukaniro y’ibidukikije biri mu bice bitandukanye vy’imodoka, ingingo ngenderwako y’Ubudage yaragabanyije ubwoko 12 bw’imiterere y’ibikoresho vyo kwikingira: igipande c’imipira y’i silikoni co mu gice ca moteri, gishobora kwihanganira ubushuhe bwinshi buza mu kanya nk’ako gukubita igihe moteri iriko iratangura; igikoresho ca PVC co mu karere k’umuryango, kidasaduka n’inyuma y’ibigeragezo vy’ugufungura n’ugufunga urugi incuro 100.000; igikoresho ca polyethylene gishobora guhagarika umuriro-umusaraba-hafi y’itangi ry’amavuta, gishobora kwizimya mu masegonda 3 iyo gishikiwe n’umuriro. Iyi "formule imwe ku gice kimwe" itegeko ry'umuntu ku giti ciwe rirenze kure ibisabwa n'itegeko ry'ibihugu vyinshi ry'"intumbero rusangi-.
2.Kuva muri Laboratwari gushika mu Nzira: "Ikigeragezo gikomeye" c'Imirongo y'Imodoka y'Ubudage
Ukwiyubara kw’abahinga b’Abadagi kuragaragazwa neza mu gihe bagerageza umurongo w’imiduga. Bemera ko "umurongo w'imodoka ufise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu vyose bikomeye mu kiringo cose c'ubuzima bw'imodoka." Kubera iyo mpamvu, Debiao yashizeho uburyo bwo gupima bubiri bujanye n'"ibidukikije bikomeye cane + ivy'akazi bikomeye cane", kandi ibintu vyinshi vyo gupima mbere vyitwa n'inganda ko ari "isuzuma ry'urugero rudasanzwe".
Mu cumba c'igerageza ry'ibidukikije, intsinga z'imodoka zishikirwa n'ingaruka z'ingendo z'"-40 degrees y'ubukonje bukaze →80 degrees y'ubushuhe bwinshi →95% y'ubukonje bwinshi", n'ingendo 10 ku musi mu misi 30 ikurikiranye. Igipfukisho c’ivyuma ntigikwiye kwerekana ko hariho ugusaduka canke ukuvyimba. Mu kugerageza urushe rw’ivyuma, izo nsinga zishirwa ku ntebe y’igerageza yigana ukuntu igice c’inyuma c’indege kinyiganyiga kandi zinyiganyiga incuro 300 ku munota. Inyuma y’amasaha 500 y’igerageza ridahera, igipimo c’uguca ibice kw’ibikoresho bijana umuriro ntigikwiye kurenga 0,1%. Igerageza rikomeye cane ni "igerageza ry'ugusenyuka kw'imiti". Ivyo bikoresho vyo gupima bikoresha ata guca ku ruhande uruvange rw’amavuta ya moteri akoreshwa cane, amazi y’amafirime n’ivyo gukingira ubukonje mu modoka. Inyuma y’aho amawaya amaze kwibizwa muri yo amasaha 1.000, ukugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukingira umuriro ntigukwiye kurenga 10%.
Mu kwishura ku kwiyongera kw'ibinyabiziga bishasha bikoresha inguvu, itegeko ry'Ubudage ryongeyeko "ikigeragezo c'inguvu nyinshi-". Ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’umuriro mwinshi-, bitegerezwa kwihanganira ingaruka z’imitsi y’umuriro mwinshi-kV mu munota umwe, kandi igice c’umuriro ntigitegerezwa gutoboka. Iryo tegeko ry’igerageza rivuga ataco rihinduye ku bibazo vy’umutekano w’inguvu nyinshi z’ibinyabiziga bishasha kandi ryatumye n’itegeko ry’ubudage ry’inguvu nyinshi rigira amahitamwo ahambaye ku bahinga b’ibinyabiziga bishasha bikoresha inguvu nka Tesla na BYD.
3."Ivyiyumviro vy'uguhitamwo" vy'abahinguzi b'imodoka kw'isi yose: Kubera iki hategerezwa gukoreshwa ingingo mfatirwako z'ubudage?
Muri iki gihe
Si imodoka zo mu Budagi zo mu gihugu gusa nka Volkswagen, BMW na Mercedes-Benz zitanga imodoka zifise ibara ry’Ubudage nk’ibikoresho bisanzwe, ariko kandi n’abahinguzi b’imiduga kw’isi yose nka Toyota, Ford na Hyundai barafashe ibintu vy’ibara ry’Ubudage ku modoka zabo z’agaciro kanini. Inyuma y'ivyo hariho ukuntu abahinguzi b'imodoka biyumvira neza "igiciro c'ubuzima bwose".
Iyerekanwa ry'amakuru
Ico kigereranyo gikoresha intsinga z’imodoka zisanzwe z’Ubudage gifise igitigiri c’ugusenyuka kw’umuyagankuba kiri hasi y’ibice birenga 60% vy’ivyo bikoresho bikoresha intsinga zisanzwe. Mu bijanye n’imiduga, igiciro ca mbere co gusanura inyuma y’ugucuruzwa kw’umuyagankuba umwe gusa ni ama yuan 2.000, kandi mu mpande zose, umuyagankuba ushobora gusenyuka incuro 3 gushika ku 5 mu kiringo c’ubuzima bw’imodoka. Ku muhinguzi w’imodoka afise umubare w’ugurisha w’imiliyoni 1 ku mwaka, akoresheje intsinga z’imiduga zisanzwe z’Ubudage, ashobora kuzigama amamiliyoni amajana menshi y’ama yuan mu giciro c’inyuma y’ugurisha buri mwaka.
Ikiruta vyose
"Uguhuza" kw'ingingo mfatirwako z'Ubudage kwatumye abahinguzi b'imodoka bashobora gukora neza. Ivyerekeye interface n'ibimenyetso vy'amabara vy'intsinga z'imodoka zisanzwe z'Ubudage (nk'ibara ry'umuhondo rimwe ku nzira z'umuriro mwinshi-n'umukara ku nzira z'ubutaka) vyose vyacitse ingingo ngenderwako rusangi z'inganda. Ivyo bisigura ko amawaya y’ubudage akoreshwa n’abaguzi batandukanye ashobora gusubirwamwo uko bashaka, kandi abahinguzi b’imiduga ntibakeneye gushiramwo amahera y’inyongera y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere kugira ngo bashobore guhindura ibintu biva ku baguzi batandukanye. Ukwo guhuza "ugushinga urugero + guhuza" kwatumye umurongo w'imiduga y'ubudage uba "ururimi rw'isi yose" mu ruhererekane rw'imiduga kw'isi yose.
4.Kazoza kari hano: Ni gute ingingo mfatirwako z’ubudage zishobora guhura n’ivyo imodoka zifise ubwenge zisaba?
Kubera iterambere ry'ubuhinga bwo gutwara n'ubuhinga bwo gukorana n'ibinyabiziga, uruhara rw'imirongo y'ibinyabiziga ruriko rurahinduka kuva ku "bitanga ibimenyetso" gushika ku "bibanza bitanga amakuru". Kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gutanga amakuru y’ibinyabiziga angana na gigabytes mirongo ku segonda, ingingo ngenderwako z’Ubudage zarafashe iya mbere mu gutanguza ubushakashatsi no gutegura ingingo ngenderwako nshasha z’imirongo y’ibinyabiziga.
Ubu, DIN (Ikigo c'Ubudage co Gupima Ivyagezwe) carasohoye umugambi w'itegeko rya DIN/TS 70113, ritanga umuti w'imiterere y'ibintu vyinshi "wiring + fibre optic" ku bijanye n'ibisabwa vyo gutanga amakuru vy'umuvuduko munini - vy'ibinyabiziga vy'ubwenge. Iyi nzira y’ivyuma ntishobora gusa gutanga ibimenyetso vy’ububasha bwa kera ariko kandi irashobora gushika ku gutanga amakuru y’umuvuduko munini -ku Ethernet y’imodoka biciye ku nzira y’amatara yubatswemwo, ifise urugero rwo gutanga amakuru rushika kuri 10 Gbps, ihuye n’ibisabwa vyo gutanga amakuru y’ibimenyetso vy’urugero rwa L4-riving intelligent d. Muri ico gihe nyene, iyo ngingo nshasha yongerako kandi igisabwa co "gukingira umuyagankuba", biciye ku gipande c'ivyuma bibiri c'aluminium + urusenga rwo gukingira, igipimo c'ugucika intege kw'ugukingira umuyagankuba kiraduga kikaja kuri 99,9%, bikaba bituma amakuru adashobora guhungabanywa n'ibikoresho nka moteri n'ibindi.
Kuva ku modoka za kera zikoresha amavuta y’ibinyabiziga gushika ku modoka nshasha zikoresha inguvu, kuva ku gutwara imodoka zisanzwe gushika ku gutwara imodoka zifise ubwenge, umurongo w’imodoka z’ibara ry’Ubudage wama ari wo urongoye uburongozi bw’ubuhinga bw’ivyo bikorwa. Ukuroranirwa kwayo ntikuri gusa mu gukurikirana uburyo bw’iherezo, ariko kandi no mu guhanura neza ingene inganda zigenda. Kumbure ivyo ni vyo vy'ukuri bituma "Ihinguriro ry'Ubudage" - ridakurikiza ingingo mfatirwako ataco rihinduye, ariko riguma risobanura ingingo mfatirwako nshasha.
