Mu nzira y'umuyagankuba w'imodoka, intsinga ni nk'"imirongo y'imitsi", igena ata guca ku ruhande ukuntu ibikoresho vy'umuyagankuba vy'imodoka, ibikoresho n'ibindi bikoresho bikora neza. Intsinga z'igihugu zisanzweQB{0}}A, QB-B, QB-C, QFRkandiQVRbose ni abahoraho mu bijanye n’imiduga. Naho akenshi zikoreshwa mu gutera amashanyarazi yo mu mutima mu modoka, zifise ivyiyumviro bitandukanye ku bijanye n’ingero z’ubushuhe, ibikoresho vyo kwikingira n’ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa. Uyu musi, turabamanukana umwe umwe kugira ngo tubafashe gutahura ibiranga nyamukuru n’ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa vy’ibigereranyo bitandukanye.
QB-A: Intsinga y'ishimikiro y'uruhome rw'imiduga
Nk'akarorero k'ishimikiro k'intsinga z'umuriro muto -zikingira inkuta z'imiduga,QB{0}}Ani igiciro-ihitamwo ryiza ku mirongo myinshi isanzwe y'imodoka. Ihuye n’ingingo ya QC/T730 - 2005, n’umurongozi akoresha 0.35 - 25mm2 umugozi w’umuringa woroshe utagira ikintu. Ivyo bituma iyo nsinga ishobora guhinduka neza, bigatuma ishobora gupfukama no guca mu nzira mu bibanza bikomeye biri imbere mu modoka.
Igipande c'ivyuma gikozwe mu gikoresho ca polyvinyl chloride (PVC), gifise ubushuhe bumara igihe kirekire bushika kuri degre 85 n'ubushobozi bwo kwimenyereza ubushuhe buke bwa degre - 40 . Muri ico gihe nyene, irafise ibiranga ivy’ishimikiro nk’ukudashobora guhangana n’aside n’amazi, ukudashobora guhangana n’amavuta, n’ukudashobora kwambara. Ku bihimba bifise ibisabwa vyo guhangana n’ubushuhe buke mu bice vy’umuco bisanzwe vy’imodoka be n’ibice vy’umuyagankuba vy’inyongera mu bipande vy’imbere mu muryango w’imodoka,QB{0}}Ani ryiza cane. Ubwo bwoko bw'urutsinga burasanzwe mu mirongo ya 0.5 - 35mm2, akenshi itangwa mu mizingo y'amametero 500, kandi amabara yayo ashobora guhura n'ibisabwa vy'amabara asanzwe y'umutuku, umwirabura, n'umuhondo.
QB-B: Igishushanyo gikora gifise uruhome rworoshe-gifise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushuhe
QB-Bbirashobora gufatwa nk’ubushuhe-bushobora guhangana n’ubushuhe bwa QB-A, bubereye imirongo y’imodoka ikeneye ubushuhe burengeye gatoyi. Uburebure bwayo bw’umusaraba-buva kuri 0,13 gushika kuri 120 mm2, bugashitsa ivyipfuzo bitandukanye kuva ku nsinga z’ibikoresho zidakomeye gushika ku nsinga z’amashanyarazi zikomeye gatoyi.
Inyungu yayo nyamukuru ni uko ishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe. Igitigiri co hejuru c'ubushuhe bw'igihe kirekire - caraduzwe kigera kuri degre 105 . Ishobora gukora neza mbere no mu bibanza bifise ubushuhe bwinshi gatoyi, nk’aho hirya no hino ya moteri. Igipande c’ivyuma gikoresha uruhome rworoshe - PVC rwakozwe canecane ku nsinga z’imodoka. Bishobora kugabanya uburemere bw’urutsinga no kuzigama umwanya wo gushiramwo mu gihe nyene bikora neza. Inguvu zayo zigereranywa ni 25V/AC canke 60V/DC. Yaciye mu kigeragezo co kwihanganira umuriro w’amashanyarazi 1000V mu minota 30. Igikoresho co gukingira umuriro ku 20 degrees ntigishika kuri 10MΩ・km. Ushobora gukoreshaQB-Bn’ukwizigira cane mu bice nyamukuru nk’intsinga zihuza umugenzuzi wa moteri n’imirongo y’ibikoresho nyamukuru vy’ibinyabiziga.
QB-C: Ubushuhe bwinshi -umusaraba -ufatanye n'ubwoko bw'ivyuma vy'ivyuma
Niba QB-A na QB-B bigereranya ibintu bimenyerewe, reroQB-Cni "umuhinga" ku bihe vy'ubushuhe bwinshi-. Ikurikira kandi ingingo ngenderwako ya QC/T730 - 2005, ariko yarateye imbere cane mu bikoresho vyo kwikingira - ikoresheje XLPE nk’igice co kwikingira, ivyo bikaba biduza ubushuhe bwayo bw’igihe kirekire-bushika ku 125 degrees , birenze kure n’ibindi bibiri vya PVC{res.}insulated .
QB-C ihuriza hamwe uburyohe n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuyagankuba, bikaba bituma ishobora gushirwa ahantu nk’aho mu gice ca moteri y’imodoka aho ubushuhe buri hejuru kandi amawaya ari agoranye. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n’ubushuhe bwinshi n’ubuhinga bwiza cane bw’ubuhinga burayishoboza guhangana n’ugukura no kwambara mu bidukikije vy’ubushuhe bwinshi-, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n’amavuta na bwo nyene ntibutangaje. Mu bice bifise ubushuhe bwinshi-nk’imirongo y’amabateri y’ibinyabiziga bishasha bikoresha inguvu canke imirongo y’ibimenyetso biri hafi y’umuyoboro w’umuyaga w’imodoka,QB-Cni uguhitamwo kwizigirwa kuruta.
QFR: Ubwoko bw’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe kandi bishobora guhindura
QFRni iy'umurongo w'amashanyarazi y'umuriro muto-y'ibinyabiziga vyo mu nzira. Ivyo bikoresho vyayo vy’uruvange vyashitse ku ntumbero zibiri mu bijanye n’uguhangana n’ubushuhe n’uguhangana n’amavuta. Ico gikoresho ni umugozi w’umuringa woroshe ufise uburebure bwa 0.3 - 120mm2. Ivyo bimenyetso vy’umusaraba munini-bituma idashobora gusa gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bitobito-vy’inguvu imbere mu modoka, ariko kandi igashobora gushitsa ibisabwa mu bijanye n’amashanyarazi y’ibikoresho bimwebimwe vy’inguvu nyinshi-.
MuQFRirafise ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhindura ubushuhe kandi irashobora kwihanganira uguhinduka kw’ubushuhe mu bice bitandukanye vy’imodoka. Ico gikoresho co gukingira umuriro kiratuma gishobora guhangana n’amavuta, kandi mbere n’igihe gikoranye n’amavuta ya moteri y’imodoka, amavuta y’ivyuma vy’imodoka, n’ibindi, ntikizogira ingorane vyoroshe nk’ugusaduka canke gusaza kw’ico gikoresho co gukingira umuriro. Ikoreshwa cane mu mirongo y'umuyagankuba mu bice vy'ubushuhe bwinshi-vy'ibinyabiziga, nk'imirongo y'uguhuza umuyagankuba w'imodoka n'imirongo y'amashanyarazi y'amajwi, n'ibindi.
QVR: Igishushanyo ca kera gikingijwe na PVC gifise ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi
QVRni umurongo w'igihugu ukoreshwa cane muri rusangi-mu bijanye n'imiduga, ukurikije umurongo wa JB/T8139 - 1999. Ishobora gufatwa nk'"igikoresho c'intumbero yose-co gutera amashanyarazi imbere mu modoka. Igikoresho cayo ni umugozi w’umuringa ugoramye 0.3 - 120mm2, kandi umurongo waco munini cane w’umusaraba-utuma ushobora gukoreshwa mu bintu vyinshi bitandukanye.
QVRbirashobora gusangwa mu bihimba bitandukanye vy’imodoka, harimwo n’imirongo y’ibikoresho biduza amadirisha, imirongo y’uguhindura ivyicaro, eka mbere n’imirongo y’amashanyarazi y’amatara y’imbere y’imodoka. Ikindi kandi, irashigikira ibimenyetso vy’ibara rimwe- canke bibiri-ibara, ivyo bikaba bifasha gutandukanya ibikorwa vy’umurongo mu gihe co gusanasana kandi bikaba bituma gusanura bigenda neza cane.
Incamake: 5 Uburongozi buto bwo guhitamwo amawaya asanzwe y'abashinwa
Ubu bwoko 5 bw’Intsinga z'abashinwavyose vyibanda ku bijanye n’ivy’imodoka, ariko ivyo bisabwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe biratandukanye. Nimba uriko urakora ivyo guhindura canke gusanura imodoka, urashobora kwerekeza kuri iyi ngingo ngenderwako yoroshe: ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba bisanzwe vyo mu nzu bikwiye gutorwa nk’ivyo .QB - A; uturere dukikuje moteri kandi dufise ubushuhe bwinshi gatoyi dukwiye gutorwa nk’ .QB - B; ahantu hafi y’amabateri n’imiyoboro y’umuyaga ifise ubushuhe bwinshi hakwiye gutorwa nk’ahoQB - C; niba ukeneye kwihweza ukuntu amavuta ashobora guhangana n’ubushuhe, hitamwoQFR; niba ukurikirana ubuhinga bwinshi n'igiciro{0}}, hitamwoQVR.
Guhitamwo uburyo bwiza bw’intsinga ntibituma gusa imirongo y’imodoka ikora neza, ariko kandi birashobora kwirinda ingorane zishobora guterwa n’umutekano nk’imirongo miremire n’ugukura kw’intsinga kuva mu ntango nyene. Utu nsinga dutoduto twihishije imbere mu modoka ni zo mu vy’ukuri zituma imodoka igenda neza!
